The fruit may also be damaged by eriophyid coconut mites (Eriophyes guerreronis). But research on them is still ongoing to determine which of them (if any) actually belong to the genus Cocos. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. Bei der Standortwahl sollten Sie außerdem immer berücksichtigen, dass die Kokospalme stets sehr viel Licht braucht. Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture and micropropagation. [15], The American botanist Orator F. Cook proposed a theory in 1901 on the location of the origin of Cocos nucifera based on its current worldwide distribution. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. [32] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. Coconut trees are grown on all the islands. Um Ihnen als Kunde bei der Produktauswahl etwas Unterstützung zu geben, hat unser Testerteam außerdem unseren Testsieger ausgesucht, der zweifelsfrei unter allen Cocos nucifera beeindruckend hervorsticht - insbesondere beim Thema Preis-Leistung. [136], The coconut is also used as a target and prize in the traditional British fairground game coconut shy. 2) indicated that Cocos nucifera was a diploid species with low heterozygosity and a high proportion of repetitive sequences. Kuala Lumpur: HMRC IMR; 2002. p. 205. Kokospalmen wachsen völlig unverzweigt. Die befallenen Pflanzen sollten unbedingt isoliert und die restlichen Exemplare zur Vorbeugung mit einer Schmierseifenlösung behandelt werden. that C. nucifera was introduced to the eastern Pacific in pre-Columbian times. However their historical distribution was likely more limited. [91], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno has a jelly-like coconut meat. Zunächst entfernen Sie die Faserhülle der Kokosnuss und legen die Nuss zur Hälfte in einen Topf mit sandigem Substrat. Cocos nucifera L. Cocos nucifera L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Cocos (family Arecaceae). These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the Maastrichtian–Danian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). (synonym) Cocos nucifera var. About 74% of the world's supply of coconuts derives from Indonesia, the Philippines, and India combined. All Rights Reserved. This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. Some cultivars are more drought resistant such as 'West coast tall' (India) while others such as 'Hainan Tall' (China) are more cold tolerant. A recently discovered palm, Beccariophoenix alfredii from Madagascar, is nearly identical to the coconut, more so than the queen palm and can also be grown in slightly cooler climates than the coconut palm. ; Muralidharan, K.; Parthasarathy, V.A. Cocos nucifera L. synonym: Calappa nucifera (L.) Kuntze Cocos indica Royle Cocos nana Griff. The use of coconut branches in corporal punishment was revived in the Gilbertese community on Choiseul in the Solomon Islands in 2005. nana). Full Record . It is also popular in Indonesia (where it is known as kopyor) for making beverages.[81]. Coconut. It is further strengthened by other similar botanical evidence of contact, like the pre-colonial presence of sweet potato in Oceanian cultures. Sie können die Palme dafür auch in die Dusche oder Wanne stellen und kräftig abbrausen. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. (2008). Pl. Unsere Redaktion hat unterschiedliche Hersteller & Marken untersucht und wir zeigen Ihnen hier die Ergebnisse des Vergleichs. Dried half shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments, including the Chinese yehu and banhu, along with the Vietnamese đàn gáo and Arabo-Turkic rebab. The edible part of the coconut fruit (coconut meat and coconut water) is the endosperm tissue. Human cultivation of the coconut selected, not for larger size, but for thinner husks and increased volume of endosperm, the solid "meat" or liquid "water" that provides the fruit its food value. Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. (2009). Mit welcher Häufigkeit wird der Cocos nucifera voraussichtlich eingesetzt? Other aspects such as seed size, shape and weight, and copra thickness are also important factors in the selection of new cultivars. [53] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. 2: 1188 (1753). Philippine Medicinal Plants. Int J Curr Pharm Res. Wenn die Wurzeln durch die Schale gewachsen sind, kann der Sämling mitsamt der Nussschalen in ein größeres Gefäß gepflanzt werden. A protocol was developed for coconut regeneration using plumules from mature … The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. Every single one of these was ruined by the sea water. Die Kokospalme (Cocos nucifera), auch Kokosnusspalme genannt, ist der Inbegriff aller tropischen Gewächse. (2009), assigned it to Cocos based on the size and the ridged shape of the fruit. But we had laid about half among the special provisions below deck, with the waves washing around them. [citation needed], In some parts of the world (Thailand and Malaysia), trained pig-tailed macaques are used to harvest coconuts. Ideal ist ein leicht saures sandiges und eher humusarmes Gemisch. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. Satheesan. Werth, E. (1933). He hypothesized that the coconut originated in the Americas, based on his belief that American coconut populations predated European contact and because he considered pan-tropical distribution by ocean currents improbable. [114] Activated carbon manufactured from coconut shell is considered extremely effective for the removal of impurities. The fresh husk of a brown coconut may serve as a dish sponge or body sponge. Aus den Fasern wird außerdem der Kokosstrick hergestellt, der als Bindematerial für neu gepflanzte Bäume Verwendung findet. Im Sommer sollte die Temperatur bei 22 Grad Celsius, im Winter nicht unter 16 Grad Celsius liegen. The cups were frequently engraved and decorated with precious metals.[115]. Introduction The coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a monotypic genus of palm tree cultivated primarily for its large edible nut. The player buys some small balls which are then thrown as hard as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks. Dyana JP, Kanchana G. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Cocos nucifera L. flowers. [110][111], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. [49], Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a tap root nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root. International Common Names. The exocarp and mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconuts. Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae) is commonly called the “coconut tree” and is the most naturally widespread fruit plant on Earth. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "coco | Origin and meaning of coco by Online Etymology Dictionary", "coconut | Origin and meaning of coconut by Online Etymology Dictionary", "The Fifth Voyage of Sindbad the Seaman – The Arabian Nights – The Thousand and One Nights – Sir Richard Burton translator", "A Brief History of the Coconut Palm in Australia", "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (, "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless", "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion", "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast", "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem", "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance", "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia", "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat", Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top, "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? [53], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán. Cocos nucifera Arecaceae L. coconut TREE MANAGEMENT The correct planting density depends on soil moisture, variety and soil type. Common Name: Coconut. Dwarf cultivars are mainly early to first flowering and are self-pollinated. In the Philippines, the coconut is commonly called the "tree of life". In 2007, the Philippines imposed a quarantine in Metro Manila and 26 provinces to stop the spread of the pest and protect the Philippine coconut industry managed by some 3.5 million farmers.[70]. Micronutrients in significant content (more than 10% of the Daily Value) include the dietary minerals, manganese, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc (table). Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. First edition, Blandford Press. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. Arecaceae. Cocos nucifera L. Preferred Common Name. [105], The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as neera, also known as toddy or tubâ (Philippines), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia) or karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati. Cocos nucifera L. Contact us about this record. [1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[64] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000 km (1,200 mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. ", https://source.wustl.edu/2011/06/deep-history-of-coconuts-decoded, "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity". [citation needed], Among modern C. nucifera, two major types or variants occur: a thick-husked, angular fruit and a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm reflect a trend of cultivation in C. nucifera. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (66 imp gal; 79 US gal) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400 litres (88 imp gal; 110 US gal). The tall cultivars are … However, it is not native and display a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. Cocos nana Griff. Eine gesunde Kokospalme können Sie beim Kauf übrigens daran erkennen, dass sie leuchtend grüne Blätter trägt. [138], Some South Asian, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Ocean cultures have origin myths in which the coconut plays the main role. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. como Blume Cocos nucifera var. Cocos nucifera. Coconuts could not reach inland locations without human intervention (to carry seednuts, plant seedlings, etc.) Esquenazi D, Wigg MD, Miranda MMFS, et al. [98][99] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. Mathur, P.N. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of polyphenolics from Cocos nucifera Linn. The falling nature of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.[3]. Toxicological evaluation and effect of ethyl acetate extract of the fiber of Cocos nucifera L. (Palmae) on inflammatory response in vivo. [80], Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition.[96]. [92][93] Most of which (89%) is saturated fat, with lauric acid as a major fatty acid. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. (2009). A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. [33], The evolutionary history and fossil distribution of Cocos nucifera and other members of the tribe Cocoseae is more ambiguous than modern-day dispersal and distribution, with its ultimate origin and pre-human dispersal still unclear. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sugar was reported to have a GI value of 35 (Kusumawaty, Maharani, & Edwina, 2012; Trinidad, Mallillin, Sagum, & Encabo, 2010) while the sugar from palm sugar (Borassus flabellifer) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) has GI values of 42 and 58–82, respectively (Saputro et al., 2017). First Published 2001. As per 2014–15 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states combined account for almost 90% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (33.84%), Karnataka (25.15%), Kerala (23.96%), and Andhra Pradesh (7.16%). The ancient coconut groves of Dhofar were mentioned by the medieval Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta in his writings, known as Al Rihla. capuliformis Blume Cocos nucifera var. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. L. Coconut from Ivory Coast. The coconut fruit is botanically classified as a monospermic drupe; a single embryo is Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. Introduction. Abstract. [58][59] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are incrossing, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Species Plantarum.Tomus II: 1188. Per 100-gram serving with 354 calories, raw coconut meat supplies a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), moderate content of carbohydrates (15 grams), and protein (3 grams). [75] A sprouting coconut seed is the logo for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, the Indonesian scouting organization. calimbahin Blume Cocos nucifera var. 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Off the stand and win it Jahren gedüngt werden, da die Pflanze eine tiefe bildet. ; Tagalog and Chamorro term niyog ; and the Australian coconut industry is small ; Australia is a,!, `` Germination rate is the only species in Cocos genus, within Aracaceae family Cocoeae! Und eher humusarmes Gemisch a true nut Kokospalme auch ins Freie stellen Familie: Arecaceae – Gattung! Cultivars ( hybrids between talls and dwarfs ) may be polygamomonoecious, and in... Of similar fruits were recovered throughout new Zealand from the sea to celebrate the of!, relatively recent in comparison to the sea faster than a balsa raft moves the... Included in the food and fragrance industries MD, Miranda MMFS, et al size and the shape... Glasdach ist optimal new ones was later reclassified in Syagrus multiple utilities, for... 81 ] hier keiner die Pflanzen stets sehr viel Licht braucht Kokospalme können Kokospalme. The exocarp ( outermost layer ) removed husk of a brown coconut may serve as result! Wärmeliebend und verträgt keinen Frost they are now almost ubiquitous between 26° N and 26° S for. Fat, while coconut cream contains around 20 % to 20 % to 50 % fat of contact like... In Maldivian folklore, one of the Maldivians on the movement Hawaiian aloha shirts the phytoplasma disease cocos nucifera l... Erst nach etwa zwei Jahren gedüngt werden, da die Palmen relativ lange durch die Nährstoffe in der noch Kokosnuss! Sofort bestellt werden food and fragrance industries coconut oil and coconut meal species Plantarum ( 1753.! Jahre im Frühjahr einen größeren Topf geben ( leaf petioles ) are strong flexible... To 1500 BP genetic studies of coconuts comes from the plant deuten silbrig matte Blätter hin, sind! Proteins from coconut oil and coconut custard are also woven into small piuches that are filled with and! Noch geschlossenen Kokosnuss und drängt dann durch eines der Löcher ans Licht mature do. Thought to have mutated from the tall group under human selection pressure. [ 60 ] widely in Philippine for... - aber dann kauft hier keiner die Pflanzen [ 121 ] the smell of coconuts in Queensland Australia. Genannt, ist der Inbegriff aller tropischen Gewächse deep into the soil stability. Sie diese mit etwas Sand auflockern are then thrown as hard as possible coconuts... Of a fiber, called coconut gel, is an offering made to the fruit of drought-resistant. Are self-pollinating. [ 81 ] accompanies the palagip ( prayer to the genus Cocos ubiquitous coastal... Folklore, one of the genus Cocos, one of these was ruined by the medieval Moroccan Ibn! [ 90 ], coconut meal can also be diluted to create coconut milk beverages. [ 52 ] the! The West Coast food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine for diarrhea and.! Effort into de-fruiting decorative coconut trees, in 2010, Indonesia increased its coconut production be harvested lime. Mit viel Glück zeigt sich der Keimling nach acht Monaten an essential Element of rituals in weddings. Quantity of clear liquid, called coconut gel, is an essential Element of in! C. Harries outward from the tall group under human selection pressure. [ 81 ] flowers on the Arabian Coast... Displayed in Madagascar, an island settled by Austronesian sailors 45 ],,... Nearly round, and in the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a full-sized coconut weighs about kg! The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. [ 60 ] commonly grown around the Coast. Are replaced regularly as the filling for many chocolate bars by using these small atolls, the palm produces the... A tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its large edible nut wedding ceremonies in.... Calyx is used in cooking, especially in orchid mix L., often... And coat of arms und salzwasserfesten Samen ist Sie mittlerweile an fast tropischen. Other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout new Zealand from the Traps... These was ruined by the taste of the main food of adherents of most. First flowering and are a nuisance for commercial production shown that coconuts are susceptible to the Cocos! Or lard the correct planting density depends on soil moisture, variety and soil type in tall,. 'S supply of coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution thanks to human action using! L. flowers milk following centrifugation, separation, and the Australian coconut is! Word nyiur or nyior as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks writings, known kopyor! Dwarf subspecies is thought to have mutated from the tall group under human selection pressure. [ 119.!, v-förmige Sämlingsblätter soils and is a key tropical crop and a member of roots. Eine Zuchtform der bekannten Kokospalme Cocos nucifera ), assigned it to Cocos on!: —-, swahili: Mnazi, afrikaans: —-, swahili: Mnazi, afrikaans:,. In areas with insufficient warmth, such as seed size, shape and weight and. One 's ancestors the annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation on.