By the end of this section, you will be able to: Much like a surgeon assessing the condition of an emergency room patient, Roosevelt began his administration with a broad, if not specific, strategy in mind: a combination of relief and recovery programs designed to first save the patient (in this case, the American people), and then to find a long-term cure (reform through federal regulation of the economy). Question 19 (1 point) The First New Deal: a) was a series of policy experiments. The New Deal was a group of U.S. government programs of the 1930s. The New Deal was far from perfect, but Roosevelt’s quickly implemented policies reversed the economy’s long slide. Created by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC), the program rescued homeowners from foreclosure by refinancing their mortgages. Those who held gold were told to sell it to the U.S. Treasury for a discounted rate of a little over twenty dollars per ounce. Ironically, Roosevelt, the man who famously said we have nothing to fear but fear itself, had a significant fear: fire. Upon assuming office in 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt faced a desperate economy that was on the verge of total collapse. The Emergency Railroad Transportation Act created a national railroad office to encourage cooperation among different railroad companies, hoping to shore up an industry essential to the stability of the manufacturing sector, but one that had been devastated by mismanagement. At its peak, there were some four million Americans repairing bridges, building roads and airports, and undertaking other public projects. By the close of 1933, in an effort to stem the crisis, Congress had passed over fifteen significant pieces of legislation—many of the circulated bills allegedly still wet with ink from the printing presses as members voted upon them. The Wilson Dam, shown here, is one of nine TVA dams on the Tennessee River. But after taking office and analyzing the crisis, Roosevelt and his advisors did feel that they had a larger sense of what had caused the Great Depression and thus attempted a variety of solutions to fix it. FERA overseer Harry Hopkins, who later was in charge of the Civil Works Administration (CWA), shared this sentiment. The law officially took the country off the gold standard, a restrictive practice that, although conservative and traditionally viewed as safe, severely limited the circulation of paper money. Business owners were made to accept a set minimum wage and maximum number of work hours, as well as to recognize workers’ rights to organize and use collective bargaining. Furthermore, dollar bills were no longer redeemable in gold. New Deal Fact 5: FDR was true to his word and the First Hundred Days of his presidency, between March 9, 1933 and June 16, 1933 saw a flurry of activity as FDR presented his plan for national recovery, which would later become known as the First New Deal. The immediate crisis had been quelled, and the public was ready to believe in their new president. Other measures designed to boost confidence in the overall economy beyond the banking system included passage of the Economy Act, which fulfilled Roosevelt’s campaign pledge to reduce government spending by reducing salaries, including his own and those of the Congress. For some farmers, especially those with large farms, the program spelled relief. The answer, they felt, was to root out these abuses through banking reform, as well as adjust production and consumption of both farm and industrial goods. How did the NRA seek to protect workers? They would earn thirty dollars per month planting trees, fighting forest fires, and refurbishing historic sites and parks, building an infrastructure that families would continue to enjoy for generations to come. While the programs Roosevelt put in place did not do enough to help these farmers, the STFU—and Handcox’s music—remains a relevant part of the country’s labor movement. Rather than seeking a single major solution to the economic problems, Roosevelt and his advisors chose to treat the Depression as a number of individual crises. The data yield two conclusions. The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. The arrival of both electric lighting and machinery to the region eased the lives of the people who lived there, as well as encouraged industrial growth. For the first time in years, people had hope. The AAA did succeed on some fronts. By March 15, 70 percent of the banks were declared solvent and allowed to reopen. Together we cannot fail. Most bills could be grouped around issues of relief, recovery, and reform. The STFU was created to help alleviate this suffering, but many farmers ending up taking to the road, along with other Dust Bowl refugees, on their way to California. Get step-by-step explanations, verified by experts. The Great Depression and the economic crisis that ensued discredited supporters of: a) led by Dr. Francis Townsend and directed at Americans over the age of sixty. O n the evening of Mar. led to the construction of few public facilities. As the Twenty-First Amendment, which would repeal the Eighteenth Amendment establishing Prohibition, moved towards ratification, this law authorized the manufacture of 3.2 percent beer and levied a tax on it. It offered some direct relief to the unemployed poor. Using simple terms and a reassuring tone, he invoked a family patriarch sitting by the fire, explaining to those who trusted him how he was working to help them. The AAA offered some direct relief: Farmers received $4.5 million through relief payments. Employing several thousand Americans on a project that Roosevelt envisioned as a template for future regional redevelopment, the TVA revitalized a river valley that landowners had badly over-farmed, leaving behind eroded soil that lacked essential nutrients for future farming. In what ways did the New Deal both provide direct relief and create new jobs? A strike at the Auto-Lite plant in Toledo, Ohio, that summer resulted in ten thousand workers from other factories joining in sympathy with their fellow workers to attack potential strike-breakers with stones and bricks. completely ended unemployment. d) led by Louisiana senator Huey Long and gained a national following. 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