Plutonium is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. The chemical symbol for Fluorine is F. Fluorine is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. Sodium chloride melts at  801°C. Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (−195.8°C) and is used as a coolant. As a solid is heated, its particles vibrate more rapidly as the solid absorbs kinetic energy. At the melting point the two phases of a substance, liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. Boron is a chemical element with atomic number 5 which means there are 5 protons and 5 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Manganese is Mn. Thorium is a naturally-occurring element and it is estimated to be about three times more abundant than uranium. Tantalum is a chemical element with atomic number 73 which means there are 73 protons and 73 electrons in the atomic structure. Neptunium is a chemical element with atomic number 93 which means there are 93 protons and 93 electrons in the atomic structure. Fluorine is a chemical element with atomic number 9 which means there are 9 protons and 9 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Chlorine is Cl. The chemical symbol for Xenon is Xe. Because chlorine and bromine share the same column, bromine possesses the higher melting point. The chemical symbol for Samarium is Sm. The chemical symbol for Hydrogen is H. With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. Tellurium is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths. Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. Samarium is a chemical element with atomic number 62 which means there are 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure. Chlorine, Cl 2, is a much smaller molecule with comparatively weak van der Waals attractions, and so chlorine will have a lower melting and boiling point than sulphur or phosphorus. For example, sodium chloride  (NaCl) is an ionic compound that consists of a multitude of strong ionic bonds. The chemical symbol for Lithium is Li. These condensers use tubes that are usually made of stainless steel, copper alloys, or titanium depending on several selection criteria (such as thermal conductivity or corrosion resistance). Iridium is a chemical element with atomic number 77 which means there are 77 protons and 77 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Calcium is Ca. The chemical symbol for Strontium is Sr. Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The chemical symbol for Hafnium is Hf. Lead is a chemical element with atomic number 82 which means there are 82 protons and 82 electrons in the atomic structure. Phosphorus exists as P 4 and chlorine as Cl 2 so elemental phosphorus is a bigger molecule than chlorine. Arsenic is a chemical element with atomic number 33 which means there are 33 protons and 33 electrons in the atomic structure. Promethium is a chemical element with atomic number 61 which means there are 61 protons and 61 electrons in the atomic structure. It becomes a liquid at −34 °C (−29 °F). Significant concentrations of boron occur on the Earth in compounds known as the borate minerals. The chemical symbol for Arsenic is As. The chemical symbol for Platinum is Pt. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Cerium is also traditionally considered one of the rare-earth elements. The chemical symbol for Cerium is Ce. Zirconium is a chemical element with atomic number 40 which means there are 40 protons and 40 electrons in the atomic structure. Mercury is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum. Note that, the boiling point associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. Copper is a chemical element with atomic number 29 which means there are 29 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure. The boiling point of a Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. The chemical symbol for Tellurium is Te. Americium is a chemical element with atomic number 95 which means there are 95 protons and 95 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Iridium is Ir. They are 37Cl and 35Cl. Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Rhenium is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. The chemical symbol for Tungsten is W. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. We assume no responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of information from this website. The melting point is the temperature at which the disruptive vibrations of the particles of the solid overcome the attractive forces operating within the solid. Though hydrogen bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular forces, the strength of hydrogen bonds is much less than that of ionic bonds. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Chlorine is one of the most common chemical elements. The first theory explaining mechanism of melting in the bulk was proposed by Lindemann, who used vibration of atoms in the crystal to explain the melting transition. It is two and a half times heavier than air. The new gas had, according to Scheele, “a very perceptible suffocating smell, which was most oppressive to the lungs… and gives the water a slight… In general, melting is a phase change of a substance from the solid to the liquid phase. E. Discoverer: De Marignac, Charles Galissard, Discoverer: De Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard, Discoverer: Göhring, Otto and Fajans, Kasimir. The rest are liquids or low melting point solids. At 0.099%, phosphorus is the most abundant pnictogen in the Earth’s crust. Platinum is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine exist as simple molecules with van der Waals' forces between them. The chemical symbol for Actinium is Ac. The chemical symbol for Terbium is Tb. Adding a heat will convert the solid into a liquid with no temperature change. If the pressure is increased to 10 atmospheres carbon (graphite) is observed to melt at 3550 °C. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite. Sodium has a low melting point 98 deg Celcius. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. The chemical symbol for Helium is He. Scheele collected the gas released by the reaction of pyrolusite [manganese dioxide] with spiritus salis – an alchemical term meaning spirit/breath of salt. Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. The chemical symbol for Protactinium is Pa. Protactinium is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. Silicon is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, it is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. The chemical symbol for Bismuth is Bi. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides. The chemical symbol for Berkelium is Bk. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. This is because the size effects the strength of the forces between the molecules (intermolecular forces). There are are van der Waals' forces between its atoms. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. The chemical symbol for Lanthanum is La. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at standard pressure. Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO 2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between −59 °C and 11 °C, and as bright orange crystals when colder. Europium is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water. Nickel is a chemical element with atomic number 28 which means there are 28 protons and 28 electrons in the atomic structure. Discoverer: Corson, Dale R. and Mackenzie, K. R. The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. Chlorine – Boiling Point. We assume no responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of information from this website. Its properties are thus intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine. The raw materials must be of high purity … 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. Molybdenum a silvery metal with a gray cast, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. Mercury is a chemical element with atomic number 80 which means there are 80 protons and 80 electrons in the atomic structure. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. For full table with Density, Liquid Denity at Melting Point and Water Solubility-rotate the screen! Strontium is a chemical element with atomic number 38 which means there are 38 protons and 38 electrons in the atomic structure. Copyright 2020 Nuclear Power for Everybody | All Rights Reserved | Powered by, Interaction of Beta Radiation with Matter, Interaction of Gamma Radiation with Matter, Oganesson – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization, Reactor Dynamics – Quiz – Test your Knowledge, US uranium miners ready to support nuclear power, says AAPG, Adequate uranium to meet demand, latest Red Book concludes, Mochovce new-build project receives loan boost. Entire website is based on our own personal perspectives, and do not represent the views of any company of nuclear industry. Zirconium is widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. The motion of individual atoms, ions, or molecules in a solid is restricted to vibrational motion about a fixed point. Tungsten is a chemical element with atomic number 74 which means there are 74 protons and 74 electrons in the atomic structure. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earth’s crust. Francium is an alkali metal, that has one valence electron. Dysprosium is a chemical element with atomic number 66 which means there are 66 protons and 66 electrons in the atomic structure. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. The chemical symbol for Niobium is Nb. is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Natural boron consists primarily of two stable isotopes, 11B (80.1%) and 10B (19.9%). Technetium is a chemical element with atomic number 43 which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic structure. Adding a heat will convert the solid into a liquid with no temperature change. Praseodymium is the third member of the lanthanide series and is traditionally considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. The chemical symbol for Osmium is Os. Arsenic is a metalloid. The chemical symbol for Scandium is Sc. Xenon is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas found in the Earth’s atmosphere in trace amounts. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with any certainty. It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth’s crust. The chemical symbol for Ruthenium is Ru. Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. Ytterbium is a chemical element with atomic number 70 which means there are 70 protons and 70 electrons in the atomic structure. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. Freezing Point (or melting point) — -149.76°F (-100.98°C) at 1 atmosphere Density — Dry Gas 0.2006 lb/ft.3 (3.213 kg/m3) at standard temperature and pressure Hafnium is a chemical element with atomic number 72 which means there are 72 protons and 72 electrons in the atomic structure. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. Platinum is a chemical element with atomic number 78 which means there are 78 protons and 78 electrons in the atomic structure. As a result, chlorine is smaller and has a smaller atomic radius. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. Germanium is a chemical element with atomic number 32 which means there are 32 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. Krypton is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7 which means there are 7 protons and 7 electrons in the atomic structure. of chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature. Electronegativity increases up a … The chemical symbol for Sodium is Na. Itselectronic configuration is [Ne]3s23p5. Scandium is a silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. Caesium is a chemical element with atomic number 55 which means there are 55 protons and 55 electrons in the atomic structure. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. Chlorine – Melting Point and Boiling Point Melting point of Chlorine is -101°C. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Chlorine, chemical element of the halogen group that is a toxic, corrosive, greenish yellow gas, irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. In thermodynamics, the term saturation defines a condition in which a mixture of vapor and liquid can exist together at a given temperature and pressure. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. The pressure at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given temperature is called the saturation pressure. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice (crystalline solids, which include metals and ordinary ice) or irregularly (an amorphous solid such as common window glass), and are typically low in energy. The chemical symbol for Sulfur is S. Sulfur is abundant, multivalent, and nonmetallic. Astatine is a chemical element with atomic number 85 which means there are 85 protons and 85 electrons in the atomic structure. As with boiling points, the melting point of a solid is dependent on the strength of those attractive forces. Mendelevium is a chemical element with atomic number 101 which means there are 101 protons and 101 electrons in the atomic structure. Gadolinium is a chemical element with atomic number 64 which means there are 64 protons and 64 electrons in the atomic structure. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. Thulium is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster. All of the alkali metals have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, which is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge – a cation, which combines with anions to form salts. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about chemical elements, ionizing radiation, thermal engineering, reactor physics and nuclear energy. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. The chemical symbol for Vanadium is V. Vanadium is a hard, silvery grey, ductile, and malleable transition metal. Bromine is a chemical element with atomic number 35 which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. 113Cd has specific absorption cross-section. The chemical symbol for Phosphorus is P. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Explanation: In non-metals, melting point increases down a column. At normal atmospheric pressure carbon does not melt when heated, it sublimes. 2. Lutetium is a chemical element with atomic number 71 which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. Berkelium is a chemical element with atomic number 97 which means there are 97 protons and 97 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Curium is Cm. Actinium gave the name to the actinide series, a group of 15 similar elements between actinium and lawrencium in the periodic table. Approximately 60–70% of thallium production is used in the electronics industry. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions are of similar size. Gallium is a chemical element with atomic number 31 which means there are 31 protons and 31 electrons in the atomic structure. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. Is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work cyclic octatomic molecules with blue-grey. Chiefly from the use of information about the peaceful uses of nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as neutron! Fairly common element on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds laboratory equipment, and the third most abundant in. Fusion in high-mass stars isotopes of chlorine that are far closer together than those of alkali... The solid–liquid phase change occurs 92 electrons in the atomic structure are the strongest the... A density of air 15 similar elements between actinium and lawrencium in Earth! 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Most common materials, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is used as a project.