[15], The American botanist Orator F. Cook proposed a theory in 1901 on the location of the origin of Cocos nucifera based on its current worldwide distribution. Common English Names ... Liliopsida is considered the scientific name for monocots, but monocots may be called differently based on different taxonomic classification systems. The name coconut is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. Calappa nucifera (L.) Kuntze; Cocos indica Royle; Cocos nana Griffith; Cocos nucifera var. Salunkhe, D.K., J.K. Chavan, R.N. For other uses, see, "Coconut tree" redirects here. In 1987, a "coconut law" was signed by Governor Edwin Edwards exempting from insurance liability any decorated coconut "handed" from a Zulu float. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Due to growing sedentary lifestyles and heavy-handed landscaping, a decline in these traditional farming and soil-fixing techniques has occurred. (2015), however, suggests that their diversity in New Zealand indicate that they evolved endemically, rather than being introduced to the islands by long-distance dispersal. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, which means “monkey face” because the three indentations (eyes) on the hairy nut resembles the head and face of a monkey. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas.[65]. In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). In 2018, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India, with 74% combined of the total (table). It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. (2008). This mite infests coconut plantations, and is devastating; it can destroy up to 90% of coconut production. Last updated: 29 Nov 202029 Nov 2020 Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. The shell, freed from the husk, and heated on warm ashes, exudes an oily material that is used to soothe dental pains in traditional medicine of Cambodia. For example, the Polynesian and Melanesian term niu; Tagalog and Chamorro term niyog; and the Malay word nyiur or nyior. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of −4 °C (25 °F). [48] Coconuts sold in the shops of nontropical countries often have had the exocarp (outermost layer) removed. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. Maxine Medina Joins Cast Of Sanya Lopez’s ‘First Yaya’, Celebrities React, PBB Love Teams: Unforgettable Pairings That Didn’t Happen For Real, Justin Dizon Of PBB Connect Apologizes To Jie-Ann Over His Rude Remarks, Miss Manila Alexandra Abdon’s Statement on Willie Revillame’s Lecture, Willie Revillame disappointed in Miss Manila Alexandra Abdon due to this, BAR Exam Results 2019 Top 1 Mae Diane Azores Shares Inspiring Story, BAR Exam Results 2019 Topnotcher at 10th Place Is From Bacolod City, BAR Exam Results 2019: SC Announces 2,103 Out of 7,685 Examinees Have Passed, BAR Exam Results 2020 Release Date, Full Results & Other Details. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. It is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. As early human communities began to harvest coconuts for eating and planting, they (perhaps unintentionally)[citation needed] selected for a larger endosperm-to-husk ratio and a broader, spherical base, which rendered the fruit useful as a cup or bowl, thus creating the niu vai type. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. In Asia, coconut shells are also used as bowls and in the manufacture of various handicrafts, including buttons carved from dried shell. It is derived from the old Portuguese and Spanish word coco, which means ‘head’ or ‘skull’. (2009). The binomial name of coconut is Cocos nucifera. [18][19], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the region between Southwest Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. The young coconut plants need to be nursed and irrigated with drip pipes until they are old enough (stem bulb development) to be irrigated with brackish water or seawater alone, after which they can be replanted on the beaches. A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. First edition, Blandford Press. [53] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. coconut palm. [citation needed]. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. [133] Irrespective of their religious affiliations, fishermen of India often offer it to the rivers and seas in the hopes of having bountiful catches. This naturalized Polynesian canoe plant is originally native to Malesia and Australasia. Preferred Scientific Name. [95], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. [84] With this, it will no more be considered as a tree and no permission will be required by the forest department before cutting a coconut tree. International Common Names. Training without Reward: Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut Harvesters. Perera, Lalith, Suriya A.C.N. Stem: Solitary, usually leaning or curving, but can be erect, to 25 m tall and 30 cm in diameter, gray to brown in … The fruit (seed, mesoderm) and the juice (water) of Cocos nucifera is widely used for human consumption. It is one of the most useful trees in the world and is often referred to as the "tree of life". (January 27, 1967). Species. [citation needed], Among modern C. nucifera, two major types or variants occur: a thick-husked, angular fruit and a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm reflect a trend of cultivation in C. nucifera. [55][56], Variants of C. nucifera are also categorized as tall (var. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[64] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000 km (1,200 mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. [77][78][79], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. DESCRIPTION. [67] Yellowing diseases affect plantations in Africa, India, Mexico, the Caribbean and the Pacific Region. [34][35] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejón Formation. Cocos is a genus of palm tree family Arecaceae where coconut is its only species. (2008). Thus the new name for the family Palmae became Arecaceae. [citation needed], In 2010, Indonesia increased its coconut production. Mattituck: Amereon House. [34][35][39], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. It is a primary source of food, drink, and shelter. [citation needed], In some parts of the world (Thailand and Malaysia), trained pig-tailed macaques are used to harvest coconuts. [27][28], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). [72], Coconut has a number of commercial and traditional cultivars. [87] The artificial landscaping may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. The name comes from the old Portuguese and Spanish word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull', after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. [53] Coconuts also need high humidity (at least 70–80%) for optimum growth, which is why they are rarely seen in areas with low humidity. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. [25][20][26][22] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey – the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2018, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats". Cocos nucifera L. Preferred Common Name. Scientific Name: Cocos L. (Arecaceae) nucifera L. Related Plants 'Fiji Dwarf' 'Green Malayan' 'Jamaican Tall' 'Malay … The player buys some small balls which are then thrown as hard as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks. The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. The aim is to knock a coconut off the stand and win it. Nor were there coconuts on the east side of the African coast until Vasco da Gama, nor in the Caribbean when first visited by Christopher Columbus. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. [61] However, it can also be argued that the placement of the vulnerable eye of the nut (down when floating), and the site of the coir cushion are better positioned to ensure that the water-filled nut does not fracture when dropping on rocky ground, rather than for flotation. A solitary palm with a stout trunk particularly at the base, it is rarely vertical, with long pinnate arching leaves at the top. [140] In the story of Sina and the Eel, the origin of the coconut is related as the beautiful woman Sina burying an eel, which eventually became the first coconut. [98][99] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. All of the coconut parts are applied topically to speed wound healing and to improve the skin generally. coconut; Other Scientific Names. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). [80][81], Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal and, Gujarat and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. Its meat is sweetened, cut into strands, and sold in glass jars as coconut strings, sometimes labeled as "gelatinous mutant coconut". The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. ©2004-2020 Universal Taxonomic Services. ; Diekmann, M. Satheesan. The scientific name of Coconut Tree is the botanical name or formal name. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. Old leaves are regularly shed. [92][93] Most of which (89%) is saturated fat, with lauric acid as a major fatty acid. [49], Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a tap root nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. 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Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-coloured husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). Scientific name, [65], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. ", "Indian state decides coconut trees are no longer trees but palms", "Coconut tree loses tree status in Goa – Times of India", "Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325–1354", "Australia has a lot of coconut palms — so why don't we have a coconut industry? Nata de coco, also called coconut gel, is another jelly-like coconut product made from fermented coconut water. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. Hawaii Native Status: Introduced. SCIENTIFIC NAME OF COCONUT – In this topic, we are going to know and identify the binomial or scientific name of coconut. READ ALSO: What Is The Scientific Name Of Rice? The earliest Cocos-like fossil to be found was "Cocos" zeylanica, a fossil species described from small fruits, around 3.5 cm (1.4 in) × 1.3 to 2.5 cm (0.51 to 0.98 in) in size, recovered from the Miocene (~23 to 5.3 million years ago) of New Zealand in 1926. Frison, E.A. The first coconuts were of the niu kafa type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. Elzebroek, A.T.G. Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading “Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.”[117] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library.[118]. Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and—if fixed with a handle—a ladle. In India, this is used in Hindu rituals. NameThatPlant.net currently features 3823 plants and 23,853 images. More recently, genomic analysis of cultivated coconut (C. nucifera L.) has shed light on the movement. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18 °C (64 °F) and need a daily temperature above 22 °C (72 °F) to produce fruit. Sulawesi in Indonesia ( where it is used in beverages. 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